![]() for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect. Furthermore, an overview of recent developments in organic electrochemical transistors for artificial synapses, their applications, current challenges, and future opportunities are discussed. A transistor is a semiconductor device, usually made out of silicon or germanium, used to amplify or attenuate the strength of the electric current in electronic circuits. Find all prizes in physics chemistry physiology or medicine. First, the fundamental concepts of synaptic behavior, such as synaptic plasticity, and essential prerequisite for artificial synapses to emulate biological synapses are reviewed. ![]() The most common types are field effect transistors (FETs) and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). This review focuses on recent advancements in device fabrication strategies and the working principles adopted in designing low-voltage organic electrochemical transistors for artificial synapses. A transistor is a semi-conductive electrical device used as a switch, or as an amplifier. By definition, a transistor is a two pn junction semiconductor device used as a switch or to amplify electronic signals. Among the many candidates for artificial synaptic devices, organic electrochemical transistors have been intensively investigated because they enable high transconductance, large current modulation ratios, and lower operating voltages. A graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is composed of a graphene channel between two electrodes with a gate contact to modulate the electronic response of. This emerging technology is a promising approach for overcoming the bottlenecks of the conventional von Neumann architecture, such as low data-processing speed and high power consumption owing to the physical separation of processing and storage units. Artificial synaptic devices that emulate the neural functionalities of the human brain have received research attention owing to their inherent ability to build brain-like computing systems with faster data-processing speeds and storage capabilities at low voltages.
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